Mark Rzepczynski, Author at IASG

After the euphoria in small cap, value, and growth stocks post the Trump election, the markets have calmed and moved slightly upwards. Global equities and emerging markets stocks were the big winners for the month. These moves were a degree of catch-up to the outperformance in US stocks. Even with the poor print for fourth quarter GDP, equity investors are discounting better growth in 2017.

Would you buy insurance where the value changes every day with market conditions? An “insurance contract” that may provide a hedge against equity risk today only to see the value of the hedge disappear tomorrow? Of course, the value can appear again, but investors may not have any guarantees. This is recent problem of investing in bonds as a diversification tool. The value of this diversification has become more variable.

There are few statistical facts more interesting than regression to the mean for two reasons. First, people encounter it almost every day of their lives. Second, almost nobody understand it. The coupling of these two reasons makes regression to the mean one of the most fundamental sources of error in human judgment.
-Anonymous from What the Luck? The surprising Role of Chance in our Everyday Lives by Gary Smith

More money is lost by players who know what the right thing to do is, but don’t do it, than for any other reason. Having a strategy, a game plan and the discipline to stick to it are, along with a sufficient bankroll, the four most important thing that a player needs to be a winner.

– Ken Warren poker writer on Texas Hold ‘Em

Risk management has taken the money management business by storm. If you run money, you have to say that you control volatility and manage the risk. It is the equivalent of saying, “I love my mother and apple pie.” If risk goes up, you have to cut position exposure or at least that is what many will say is the path to good returns. Nevertheless, the empirical testing of this truism could be improved. A recent paper in the Journal of Alternative Investments called, “Volatility Weighting Applied to Momentum Strategies” looks at this important question in detail and concludes that it does help at improving the return to risk.

Whoever wishes to foresee the future must consult the past; for human events ever resemble those of preceding times. This arises from the fact that they are produced by men who have been, and ever will be, animated by the same passions. The result is that the same problems always exist in every era.

– Niccolo Machiavelli

No investor wants to bear downside risk. Well, perhaps more precisely, no one wants to bear downside risk without extra return compensation. Strong asymmetric risk preferences create the reason for a volatility risk premium – the empirical fact that implied volatility is higher than realized volatility. What the volatility risk premium states is that if you buy an option you will pay more in terms of volatility than what the market will give you in actual volatility. In a very simple but elegant paper in the Journal of Alternative Investments called “Embracing Downside Risk”, some practitioners look at the compensation toward downside risk through a decomposition of returns by strategy.

Most investors like to think of financial market risks as measured through a normal distribution. In reality, we know that it is not the case. However, how we incorporate and discuss fat-tails is not always clear. One thing that is clear is that fat-tails can be created when there is a mixed distribution or a combination of distributions that represent different regimes. A simple example will be the mixing of growth versus recession or good versus bad states of the world. This has been our theme for 2017 with a new year post. The potential for two different economic regimes will create fat tails in the return distribution of financial assets.

Money management is all about the talent, yet there is little economic analysis of human capital as an input in the creation of returns for the money management industry. That gap in research has changed with the new paper, “On the Role of Human Capital in Investment Management”. This provocative paper studies over 10,000 RIA’s across a number of years and asserts that more human capital may not help return generation. Having more advisory personnel may help with attracting assets. More investment advisor employees creates the appearance of more talent, but having more bodies is more likely to generate behavior like a closet index with less active shares and lower tracking error. They call it – money management – and staff is needed for management and the gathering of assets. Investors just have to be careful understanding why more staff is needed.

The development of FX style betas has changed the way investors think about their foreign exchange trading exposure and risks. The approach is simple – trading risks in FX can be decomposed into four style factors, trend, carry, fundamentals, and volatility. The argument states that an investor can easily manage or decompose FX returns using these beta styles or strategies. It is an effective way to show how returns can be generated in currency markets.

The VIX index is an effective measure of volatility expectations. The CBOE VVIX index measures the volatility of volatility for the VIX. If the volatility of volatility is increasing, there should be the expectation that volatility itself should also be increasing. We are seeing that the ratio of the VVIX to VIX is at high levels. Granted the VVIX index is off from recent highs, but the VIX index has continued to move lower even with the heightened policy uncertainty we have discussed in the past with our post on the one chart to look at for the new year.

“I would’ve created CAPM around semi-variance, but no one would have understood the math and I wouldn’t have won Nobel Prize…” H.Markowitz